ferric silicon
Ferrosilicon
CAS: 8049-17-0
Molecular Formula: FeSi2
ferric silicon - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Ferrosilicon |
| Synonyms | Ferrosilicon FERROSILICON FERRO SILICA IRON SILICIDE Ferro Silicon Ferro-Silicon ferric silicon Ferric Silicon Ferrosilicon 75 Alcoa Ferrosilicon |
| CAS | 8049-17-0 |
| EINECS | 227-712-6 |
| InChI | InChI=1/Fe.Si/q+3;+4 |
ferric silicon - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | FeSi2 |
| Molar Mass | 112.02 |
| Density | 4,75 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 1,36°C |
| Water Solubility | Insoluble in water. |
| Appearance | Granules |
| Specific Gravity | 4.75 |
| Color | Gray |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Stability | Stability |
| Sensitive | 2: reacts with aqueous acid |
ferric silicon - Risk and Safety
| UN IDs | 1408 |
| RTECS | LK1400000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| Hazard Class | 4.3 |
| Packing Group | III |
ferric silicon - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| ferroalloy silicide | Ferrosilicon (Ferrosilicon) belongs to ferroalloy, silicide, silicon accounts for 15-90% of the content. The appearance is gray-white with bubble holes fine granular solid particles, many varieties, according to the silicon content, such as FeSi90 (including 87% ~ 95% Si),FeSi 75 (including 72% ~ 80% Si), feSi65 (including 63% ~ 68%),FeSi45 (including 40% ~ 47% Si),FeSi15 (including 14% ~ 20% Si) and so on. According to different uses of impurities Al, Ca, S, P, C, Mn, Cr and other provisions. The binary phase diagram of silicon and iron is shown in Figure 1 below. Silicon and iron constitute compounds such as Fe3Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, and fesi2. The melting temperature range of 75 ferrosilicon (FeSi 75) is 1300~1330 ℃, and the melting temperature range of 45 ferrosilicon (FeSi 45) is 1250~1360 ℃. The density of ferrosilicon decreases with increasing silicon content. The silicon content of the ferrosilicon can be rapidly determined by using the secondary characteristics. The relationship between the contents of hydrogen and oxygen and the content of silicon in the ferrosilicon after solidification is shown in Fig. 2. |
| Brief History | in 1858, the metal of 87.28% Fe,11.01% Si was discovered in the meteorites by sheppd, it is recommended to be named ferrosilicon. In 1810, J.J. Brezerius from Sweden smelted five kinds of Si-containing ferrosilicon containing 2.2% ~ 9.3% Si with iron filings, quartz stone and pine charcoal in the forging furnace. According to Davis (E.J.Davis) and Gate (A. D.Gate) reported that the United States in 1872 in the Grob (Globe) steel company's blast furnace production of 6%~ 16% Si ferrosilicon. In 1875, A.Pourcel produced 10%-18% Si ferrosilicon in the blast furnace of tyrnova. In 1899, Du Cholmol smelted 25% ~ 50% Si ferrosilicon in the electric furnace of the hall cumroc plant of Wilson aluminum company in the United States, and obtained a U.S. patent. Later by the electric arc furnace to replace the blast furnace production of ferrosilicon, and to produce 75% Si and 50% Si two kinds of ferrosilicon based. Before the 2050s, China Chongqing electric furnace trial production of ferrosilicon, Anshan in the 400 ~ 1200kVA electric furnace production of ferrosilicon. In, Fushun Aluminum plant began to produce 75% Si ferrosilicon using a 6000kVA electric furnace. In 1956, Jilin ferroalloy factory began to produce 45% Si Ferrosilicon with 12500kVA electric furnace, and later produced FeSi 75. Ferrosilicon picture |
| ferrosilicon applications | 1, an iron alloy consisting of silicon and iron with a silicon content in the range of 8.0% to 95.0%, silicon containing about 50% ferrosilicon, mainly used for cupola iron Silicon; Silicon containing about 75% Ferrosilicon is commonly used as inoculant and ink agent of cast iron, steel-making deoxidizer and silicon-increasing material; the chemical affinity between silicon and oxygen is great, and it is easy to synthesize silica, so Ferrosilicon is often used as a deoxidizer in steelmaking (precipitation deoxidization and diffusion deoxidization). At the same time, ferrosilicon can also be used as an alloying element additive, and is widely used in low alloy structural steel, spring steel, bearing steel, heat resistant steel and electrical silicon steel. Ferrosilicon is commonly used as a reducing agent in ferroalloy production and chemical industry. 2, in addition to the boiling steel and semi-killed Steel, the content of silicon in the steel should be not less than 0.10%. Silicon does not form carbides in steel, but is present in ferrite and austenite in solid solution. Silicon to improve the strength of solid solution in steel and cold work deformation hardening rate of the role of a strong, but reduce the toughness and plasticity of steel; The impact on the hardenability of steel medium, however, it can improve the tempering stability and oxidation resistance of steel, so Ferrosilicon is used as an alloying agent in the steel-making industry. 3, silicon containing about 90% Ferrosilicon is mainly used for the production of low-iron alloys, but also for the production of silicones and highly active mineral silicic acid activator; Crystalline silicon for the production of non-iron-based alloys and high-purity alloys, it is also an important raw material for the electronics industry. Silicon also has the characteristics of large specific resistance, poor thermal conductivity and strong magnetic conductivity. Steel contains a certain amount of silicon, can improve the permeability of steel, reduce hysteresis loss, reduce eddy current loss. Electrical steel contains 2% ~ 3% Si, but requires low content of titanium and boron. The addition of silicon in cast iron can prevent the formation of carbides and promote the precipitation and spheroidization of graphite. Silicon-magnesium-iron is a widely used spheroidizing agent. Ferrosilicon containing barium, zirconium, strontium, bismuth, manganese, rare earth, etc., is used as an inoculant in the production of cast iron. 4, high-Silicon Ferrosilicon is a reducing agent for the production of low-carbon ferroalloys in the ferroalloy industry. Silicon powder containing about 15% Silicon (particle size <0.2) is used as a weighting agent in heavy medium beneficiation. |
| production process | the production equipment of Ferrosilicon is submerged arc reduction furnace. The silicon content of the Ferrosilicon is controlled by the amount of the iron raw material to be added. Production of high purity ferrosilicon in addition to the use of pure silica and reducing agent, but also for refining outside the furnace to reduce the alloy of aluminum, calcium, carbon and other impurities. Ferrosilicon production process flow is shown in the figure below. Ferrosilicon with Si ≤ 65% can be smelted in a closed electric furnace. Ferrosilicon with Si ≥ 70% shall be smelted in an open or semi-closed electric furnace. Production process flow diagram of ferrosilicon |
| raw materials | the raw materials for smelting ferrosilicon include silica, carbonaceous reductant and iron raw materials. 1. Silica requires SiO2>97%,Al2O3<1.0%,CaO<0.5%,P2O5<0.03%. Silica does not burst during heating, softening temperature is high. Before smelting into the furnace to be washed with water to remove the adhesion of soil and debris. 2. The carbonaceous reductant requires that the carbonaceous reductant has high fixed carbon, low ash content and volatile matter, high specific resistance, large porosity, good chemical reaction activity, good thermal stability at high temperature and certain mechanical strength. Commonly used carbonaceous reducing agents are metallurgical coke, gas coal coke, petroleum coke, bituminous coal, dry distillation coal and so on. The use of bituminous coal as a partial reducing agent can improve the smelting operation and reduce the fluctuation of the furnace condition. The furnace operating resistance, input electrical power, and electrical efficiency can be improved by a combination of multiple reducing agents. (See Electric carbon thermal method) 3. There are two kinds of commonly used iron raw materials:(1) steel chips. It is an ordinary carbon steel scrap, the length of the coil is not more than 95%, the iron content should be>, and the alloy steel scrap, non-ferrous metal scrap and raw iron scrap can not be mixed. (2) iron ore. Iron ore for smelting 75% Si ferrosilicon contains Fe ≥ 60%, CaO ≤ 1.0%, SiO2 ≤ 10%, P ≤ 0.1%, S ≤ 0.01%. It is best to use iron concentrate pellets or rolled steel scale; ferro-silicates can also be used for the smelting of ferro-silicon with Si ≤ 50%. |
| smelting reaction | during the smelting of ferrosilicon, the silicon dioxide is reduced by carbon to first form the intermediate products of silicon monoxide and silicon carbide: SiO2 C = SiO CO, SiO2 3C = SiC 2CO silicon monoxide is in a gaseous state at a high temperature. Slowly rising in the charge layer, interacting with the carbon in the charge to produce silicon or silicon carbide: SiO C = Si CO ↑ SiO 2C = SiC CO ↑ disproportionation reaction also occurs in silicon monoxide to produce silicon and silicon dioxide: 2SiO = Si SiO2 at high temperature, silicon carbide reacts with silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide to form Silicon: 2SiC SiO2 = 3Si 2CO ↑ or SiC SiO = 2Si CO ↑ The resulting silicon carbide can react with iron to form iron silicide at lower temperatures in the presence of iron: SiC Fe = FeSi C The silicon produced by the reaction is also dissolved in iron. |
| Out-of-furnace refining | electrical steel requires high purity ferrosilicon, some elements such as Ti, mn, etc. need to use pure raw materials, so that the product to meet the requirements. The Al, Ca, C and so on in the product are solved by refining outside the furnace. Outside the furnace refining method of ferrosilicon slag refining method, oxygen refining method and chlorine gas evaporation method 3 categories. 1. Slag refining method: quartz stone, limestone and dolomite are melted in an electric furnace to obtain synthetic slag. After mixing the discharged ferrosilicon and slag in the ladle, and repeatedly pouring them through the furnace-ladle for several times, the ferrosilicon containing Al<0.01% can be obtained. Refining 1T ferrosilicon consumes 2000 ~ 2500kWh of electricity. Synthetic slags containing 45% to 55% SiO2, 25% to 30% CaO, 10% to 13% CaF2, and 8% to 10% FeO in an amount of 13% to 17% by weight of ferrosilicon were used. 2. Oxygen refining method: oxygen is blown into molten ferrosilicon from a porous plug column at the bottom of the ladle, and slag is added on the surface of the ferrosilicon. 3. Chlorine gas volatilization method: blowing chlorine gas into the ferrosilicon melt to volatilize Al and Ca to generate chloride. This method has not been used because of serious environmental pollution. |
| Use | for steel making, casting, etc |
| category | flammable articles in water |
| toxicity grade | low toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | Skin-rabbit LD50: > 20000 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | when water, acid, alkali release hydrogen explosive |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable hydrogen gas generated in water |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature, separate storage of alkali |
| extinguishing agent | dry powder, dry sand |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:52:54
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